WEBVTT 00:07.150 --> 00:11.200 [Music] 00:11.200 --> 00:14.160 Hey there, I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta in for 00:14.160 --> 00:17.359 Koi Wire today. I am so excited to be 00:17.359 --> 00:20.000 here, excited to bring you your news. It 00:20.000 --> 00:22.320 is Thursday, November 6th. A lot of 00:22.320 --> 00:24.560 exciting topics to talk about. Not a lot 00:24.560 --> 00:27.039 of time to do it. So, let's get started. 00:27.039 --> 00:28.880 We begin with the results from a 00:28.880 --> 00:32.000 historic election day. Voters across the 00:32.000 --> 00:33.840 country went to the polls on Tuesday to 00:33.840 --> 00:35.520 cast their ballots for everything from 00:35.520 --> 00:38.399 local offices like mayor to governor in 00:38.399 --> 00:40.879 two states. And even though this was an 00:40.879 --> 00:42.960 off-year election when neither the 00:42.960 --> 00:44.719 president nor members of Congress are on 00:44.719 --> 00:47.600 the ballot, there were plenty of notable 00:47.600 --> 00:51.520 firsts. In New York, 34year-old Zoron 00:51.520 --> 00:54.160 Mdani became the first Muslim to be 00:54.160 --> 00:56.320 elected mayor of New York City, beating 00:56.320 --> 00:58.320 out the state's former Democratic 00:58.320 --> 01:00.879 governor, Andrew Cuomo. He's also the 01:00.879 --> 01:03.359 youngest person in over a century to 01:03.359 --> 01:05.600 hold the position. Not as young as many 01:05.600 --> 01:08.400 of you, though. Also, get this. A pair 01:08.400 --> 01:10.720 of women made history in two states, 01:10.720 --> 01:12.960 sweeping governor's races in Virginia 01:12.960 --> 01:15.280 and New Jersey. Former Congresswoman 01:15.280 --> 01:17.520 Abigail Spamberger will become the first 01:17.520 --> 01:19.840 female governor in Virginia's history 01:19.840 --> 01:22.000 and New Jersey Congresswoman Mikey 01:22.000 --> 01:24.000 Charelle will become the first female 01:24.000 --> 01:26.159 Democratic governor to lead the Garden 01:26.159 --> 01:28.479 State. 01:28.479 --> 01:31.439 Okay. Which part of the brain is most 01:31.439 --> 01:34.560 involved in processing music and rhythm? 01:34.560 --> 01:36.079 Hippocampus, 01:36.079 --> 01:41.640 cerebellum, amygdala, or hypothalamus? 01:42.079 --> 01:45.040 If you said cerebellum, you're using 01:45.040 --> 01:47.360 your noggin. The cerebellum, which is 01:47.360 --> 01:50.159 Latin for little brain, makes up only 01:50.159 --> 01:52.560 about 10% of the brain's total volume, 01:52.560 --> 01:54.880 but it contains more than half of all 01:54.880 --> 01:57.439 the brain's neurons. Playing a musical 01:57.439 --> 01:59.520 instrument can be hard work, but do you 01:59.520 --> 02:01.600 think you could do it while undergoing 02:01.600 --> 02:03.920 brain surgery? That's exactly what one 02:03.920 --> 02:05.920 patient in the United Kingdom did as 02:05.920 --> 02:07.759 part of this incredible technique to 02:07.759 --> 02:10.080 monitor her reaction to a brain 02:10.080 --> 02:13.280 procedure in real time. Denise Bacon 02:13.280 --> 02:15.520 suffers from Parkinson's disease. That's 02:15.520 --> 02:17.520 a neurological disorder that affects 02:17.520 --> 02:20.319 movement, balance, and coordination. 02:20.319 --> 02:22.560 Doctors performed what's known as deep 02:22.560 --> 02:25.200 brain stimulation procedure, inserting 02:25.200 --> 02:28.480 tiny wires into nuclei deep inside 02:28.480 --> 02:31.200 Denise's brain to help ease the symptoms 02:31.200 --> 02:34.239 of tremor and stiffness and slowness. 02:34.239 --> 02:36.560 Denise was not only awake for the 02:36.560 --> 02:38.560 procedure, she actually played the 02:38.560 --> 02:41.560 clarinet. 02:42.980 --> 02:45.599 [Music] 02:45.599 --> 02:47.760 Now, patients are typically awake during 02:47.760 --> 02:50.319 these operations so that doctors can 02:50.319 --> 02:52.239 assess improvements to things like 02:52.239 --> 02:54.879 tremor or speed of movement. In this 02:54.879 --> 02:57.280 case, they use Denise's clarinet playing 02:57.280 --> 02:58.640 as sort of the benchmark. 02:58.640 --> 03:00.879 >> She had some clear goals. One of them 03:00.879 --> 03:02.800 was being able to go back and play the 03:02.800 --> 03:04.720 clarinet. So obviously we thought that 03:04.720 --> 03:06.640 the best way to assess that would be to 03:06.640 --> 03:08.959 have her awake during the operation 03:08.959 --> 03:10.959 playing the clarinet so we could test 03:10.959 --> 03:13.280 her finger movements and speed of the 03:13.280 --> 03:15.120 movements. And while there is no cure 03:15.120 --> 03:17.360 for Parkinson's, Denise says the 03:17.360 --> 03:19.920 procedure has had a marked impact on her 03:19.920 --> 03:22.640 ability to continue one of her favorite 03:22.640 --> 03:25.440 hobbies as a neurosurgeon. That is music 03:25.440 --> 03:28.239 to my ears. Now, yesterday we asked you 03:28.239 --> 03:30.720 to submit any questions you might have 03:30.720 --> 03:33.920 about the brain, which I brought, and 03:33.920 --> 03:36.400 neurosurgery, and you guys delivered. 03:36.400 --> 03:38.560 Here are just a few questions. Mrs. 03:38.560 --> 03:40.239 Brownfield's class from Eric White 03:40.239 --> 03:42.959 Elementary in Selma, California, asks, 03:42.959 --> 03:45.519 "What foods are best to feed your 03:45.519 --> 03:47.120 brain?" All right, let me make this 03:47.120 --> 03:51.200 simple. fatty fish, berries, leafy 03:51.200 --> 03:55.040 greens, nuts, especially walnuts, and my 03:55.040 --> 03:57.439 favorite, dark chocolate. Here's one way 03:57.439 --> 03:59.200 of remembering this. What is good for 03:59.200 --> 04:01.519 the heart is generally good for the 04:01.519 --> 04:05.120 brain. Eat real whole foods. Mr. Wells 04:05.120 --> 04:06.799 class from Willow Springs High School in 04:06.799 --> 04:09.360 North Carolina asks, "Does the entire 04:09.360 --> 04:12.640 brain ever power down?" It's a great 04:12.640 --> 04:15.360 question, and the answer is not really. 04:15.360 --> 04:17.600 It's kind of amazing. Even when you are 04:17.600 --> 04:20.720 sleeping, the brain is still active. It 04:20.720 --> 04:23.440 is imagining. It is storing memories and 04:23.440 --> 04:25.840 your brain is still consuming energy. 04:25.840 --> 04:28.800 And from our CNN 10 Instagram followers, 04:28.800 --> 04:30.960 what happens to the brain when we are 04:30.960 --> 04:33.440 scared? Well, first of all, here's the 04:33.440 --> 04:35.199 brain. You have an area deep in the 04:35.199 --> 04:37.440 brain known as the amygdala. The 04:37.440 --> 04:39.360 amygdala is sort of your emotional 04:39.360 --> 04:42.479 center. This area will activate. Before 04:42.479 --> 04:45.199 that, your preffrontal cortex will 04:45.199 --> 04:47.520 determine if what you're looking at is 04:47.520 --> 04:50.880 truly scary or if you are overreacting. 04:50.880 --> 04:53.600 And then up here in the frontal loes, 04:53.600 --> 04:55.840 that's where your brain decides if you 04:55.840 --> 04:59.759 should fight, flight, or freeze. Got to 04:59.759 --> 05:01.600 tell you, we love hearing from your 05:01.600 --> 05:04.240 curious minds. What other questions do 05:04.240 --> 05:06.320 you have about the brain? Email us at 05:06.320 --> 05:08.880 CNN10@cn.com 05:08.880 --> 05:11.120 and I will come back tomorrow to answer 05:11.120 --> 05:14.759 even more questions. 05:19.039 --> 05:22.160 It's the stuff of nightmares. Vampire 05:22.160 --> 05:25.600 bats and snakes in dark caves. But for 05:25.600 --> 05:28.160 one Mexican ecologist, it's all just 05:28.160 --> 05:31.039 another day in the field. So today on 05:31.039 --> 05:34.160 Call to Earth, we visit with Rodrio 05:34.160 --> 05:36.720 Medí, who as part of the Rolex Perpetual 05:36.720 --> 05:38.880 Planet Initiative has spent the last 05:38.880 --> 05:42.400 four decades campaigning to save bats in 05:42.400 --> 05:45.800 his home country. 05:48.400 --> 05:51.600 This is an area of tropical forest, but 05:51.600 --> 05:53.919 this is the dry season. So you can see 05:53.919 --> 05:56.960 that the ecosystem is very, very dry. 05:56.960 --> 06:00.000 It's very, very hot. So bats are not 06:00.000 --> 06:01.840 going to be very active tonight, but 06:01.840 --> 06:05.520 this is going to help us hopefully catch 06:05.520 --> 06:09.280 two, maybe three bats. Crossing fingers. 06:09.280 --> 06:11.919 >> Mexican ecologist Rodrigo Melein has 06:11.919 --> 06:14.720 spent more than 40 years studying, 06:14.720 --> 06:17.039 educating, and campaigning to protect 06:17.039 --> 06:19.360 bats in his country. 06:19.360 --> 06:22.800 My dedication to bats is very tightly 06:22.800 --> 06:26.960 linked to convincing other people that 06:26.960 --> 06:29.120 bats are incredibly important for your 06:29.120 --> 06:32.680 everyday well-being. 06:35.520 --> 06:38.000 On this trip, he's accompanied by two of 06:38.000 --> 06:41.100 his own teammates 06:41.100 --> 06:43.039 [Music] 06:43.039 --> 06:44.800 >> and a group of local students, 06:44.800 --> 06:47.360 educators, and farmers who he aims to 06:47.360 --> 06:50.000 inspire through uplose interactions with 06:50.000 --> 06:52.880 his favorite winged mammal. 06:52.880 --> 06:56.639 >> This is the mustache bat. This is a very 06:56.639 --> 06:58.880 common insectal species from all of 06:58.880 --> 07:01.440 tropical Mexico, Central America, and 07:01.440 --> 07:04.240 South America. As you can see, it has 07:04.240 --> 07:07.320 really beautiful wings. 07:07.320 --> 07:10.410 [Music] 07:12.080 --> 07:14.479 There's wenos. Weno. 07:14.479 --> 07:16.639 >> Globally, bat populations are declining 07:16.639 --> 07:18.080 because of a number of threats, 07:18.080 --> 07:20.080 including habitat loss, climate change, 07:20.080 --> 07:22.560 and disease. But Rodrigo believes their 07:22.560 --> 07:25.360 biggest problem is a bad reputation. 07:25.360 --> 07:29.280 >> Bats are very mysterious. 07:29.280 --> 07:32.560 Many people fear them. Many people 07:32.560 --> 07:36.240 attack them, despise them. Where did it 07:36.240 --> 07:38.800 come from? Why do they have that 07:38.800 --> 07:41.840 negative public image? Very likely, it 07:41.840 --> 07:44.800 has something to do with an incredible 07:44.800 --> 07:47.520 novel called Dracula, written by Bram 07:47.520 --> 07:51.560 Stalker in the 1800s. 07:52.000 --> 07:55.360 It's the furrylegged vampire bat. Look 07:55.360 --> 07:59.120 at his hairy legs. Can you see the 07:59.120 --> 08:02.400 furrylegged vampire bat? 08:02.400 --> 08:06.400 Bats are certainly not more full of 08:06.400 --> 08:10.240 diseases than your dog or your cat. So 08:10.240 --> 08:13.520 that's has been horribly exaggerated and 08:13.520 --> 08:15.599 the bats are the losing end of this 08:15.599 --> 08:20.240 equation. So what we do many times is 08:20.240 --> 08:22.800 just to explain to people that bats are 08:22.800 --> 08:25.840 not dangerous. 08:25.840 --> 08:29.280 This is a baby nectar feeding bat. For 08:29.280 --> 08:32.399 the moment, it's safe, but there's more 08:32.399 --> 08:35.599 than 100 snakes around it. 08:35.599 --> 08:39.599 Any second, one of them can come and 08:39.599 --> 08:42.719 grab it. One of my projects is to 08:42.719 --> 08:45.040 document ecosystem services provided by 08:45.040 --> 08:48.640 bats all around the world. This time, 08:48.640 --> 08:50.880 we're surrounded by many thousands of 08:50.880 --> 08:54.880 bats that feed on insects. 08:54.880 --> 08:57.440 nectar and pollen from flowers and 08:57.440 --> 09:00.880 fruit. Those three provide incredible 09:00.880 --> 09:04.000 ecosystem services for all of us. 09:04.000 --> 09:06.800 >> In other words, bats help control pests, 09:06.800 --> 09:09.760 disperse seeds, and pollinate key crops 09:09.760 --> 09:12.399 here and across the planet. 09:12.399 --> 09:15.839 >> Mexico is a very lucky country. We are 09:15.839 --> 09:18.720 one of the very few mega diversity 09:18.720 --> 09:21.200 countries. That is an incredible 09:21.200 --> 09:23.680 privilege, but also an amazing 09:23.680 --> 09:26.800 responsibility for all of Mexicans. We 09:26.800 --> 09:30.720 need to defend our nature, our 09:30.720 --> 09:33.519 biodiversity, and our bats. They're 09:33.519 --> 09:36.320 amazing, and they give you benefits 09:36.320 --> 09:40.519 every day of our lives. 09:40.650 --> 09:46.000 [Music] 09:46.000 --> 09:50.320 [Applause] 09:50.320 --> 09:52.320 Now, today's story getting a 10 out of 09:52.320 --> 09:55.120 10. A Hollywood star making this 09:55.120 --> 09:57.360 incredible and potentially life-saving 09:57.360 --> 10:00.880 donation to a complete stranger, Jesse 10:00.880 --> 10:02.640 Eisenberg. You may know him from movies 10:02.640 --> 10:05.279 like Zombie Land or The Social Network. 10:05.279 --> 10:07.519 He says he's donating one of his kidneys 10:07.519 --> 10:09.600 next month. It's what's known as an 10:09.600 --> 10:13.040 altruistic or nondirected donation. And 10:13.040 --> 10:15.200 that means it's not destined for a 10:15.200 --> 10:17.839 family member or a friend, but instead 10:17.839 --> 10:20.560 Jesse's kidney will be donated to a 10:20.560 --> 10:23.120 complete stranger who's in need. And the 10:23.120 --> 10:25.760 seriously selfless act may save 10:25.760 --> 10:27.839 someone's life. You know, in the United 10:27.839 --> 10:29.920 States alone, more than a 100,000 people 10:29.920 --> 10:32.560 are on the organ transplant list. A vast 10:32.560 --> 10:35.200 majority of them in need of a kidney. 10:35.200 --> 10:37.360 Eisenberg is donating his kidney through 10:37.360 --> 10:39.680 the National Kidney Foundation's Family 10:39.680 --> 10:42.480 Voucher Program. That means if his own 10:42.480 --> 10:44.160 family ever needed a kidney in the 10:44.160 --> 10:46.560 future, they would then move up on the 10:46.560 --> 10:49.040 priority list. All right, everybody. 10:49.040 --> 10:51.200 That's all the time we have for today. 10:51.200 --> 10:52.720 Time for a shout out, though. This one 10:52.720 --> 10:54.959 is going to Mr. Richberg at Kelly Mill 10:54.959 --> 10:56.800 Middle School in Columbia, South 10:56.800 --> 11:00.000 Carolina. I hear you may be ordering a 11:00.000 --> 11:02.880 pizza or two for your students now. Hope 11:02.880 --> 11:04.959 you all have a fantastic day. I'll see 11:04.959 --> 11:07.279 you back here tomorrow. I'm Dr. Sanjay 11:07.279 --> 11:12.160 Gupta and this is CNN 10.