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n. (noun) - a name word

v. (verb) - an action word 

ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word 

prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation 

pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun 

conj. (conjunction) - a joining word 

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a (an) - ad. one; any; each

able - v. having the power to do something 

about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the
weather.") 

above - ad. at a higher place 

accept - v. to agree to receive 

accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event 

accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement
against someone 

across - ad. from side to side; to the other side 

act - v. to do something 

activist - n. one who seeks change through action 

actor - n. someone acting in a play or show 

add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more 

administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a
president or prime minister 

admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or
responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") 

adult - n. a grown person 

advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision 

affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's
performance.") 

afraid - ad. feeling fear

after - ad. later; behind 

again - ad. another time; as before 

against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something 

age - n. how old a person or thing is

agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United
Nations") 

aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's
borders 

ago - ad. of time past; before now 

agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something 

agriculture - n. farming 

aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance 

aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose 

air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we
breathe 

air force - n. a military organization using airplanes 

airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies 

airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land 

album - n. a collection of recorded music 

alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in
industrial products 

alive - ad. having life; not dead 

all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount 

ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose 

almost - ad. a little less than completely 

alone - ad. separated from others 

along - ad. near or on ("along the road") 

already - ad. before now; even now 

also - ad. added to; too 

although - conj. even if it is true that 

always - ad. at all times; every time 

ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another
government) 

amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) 

ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns 

among - ad. in or part of (a group) 

amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything 

anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness 

ancestor - n. a family member from the past 

ancient - ad. very old; long ago 

and - conj. also; in addition to; with 

anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something 

animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat 

anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the
past

announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially 

another - ad. one more; a different one 

answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being
asked a question 

any - ad. one or more of no special kind 

apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts
responsibility 

appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on
somebody for help 

appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem 

appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") 

approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support 

archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities 

area - n. any place or part of it 

argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree 

arms - n. military equipment; weapons 

army - n. military ground forces 

around - ad. on every side (of) 

arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner 

arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip 

art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or
statues 

artillery - n. big guns 

as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while 

ash - n. the part left after something burns 

ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions
every day.") 

assist - v. to help 

astronaut - n. a person who travels in space 

astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe 

asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another
country 

at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") 

atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet 

attach - v. to tie together; to connect 

attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight 

attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort 

attend - v. to be present at 

automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car 

autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter 

average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal 

avoid - v. to stay away from 

awake - ad. not sleeping

award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service 

away - ad. not near 
 
 

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baby - n. a newly born creature

back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward 

bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good 

balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal 

ball - n. something round 

balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter
than air 

ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting 

ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction 

bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money 

bar - v. to prevent or block 

barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult 

base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on
experiments.") 

battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces 

be - v. to live; to happen; to exist 

beat - v. to hit again and again 

beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit 

because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") 

become - v. to come to be 

bed - n. a sleeping place 

before - prep. earlier 

begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start 

behind - ad. at the back of; in back of 

believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust 

bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell") 

belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of 

below - ad. lower than 

best - ad. the most good 

betray - v. to turn against; to be false to 

better - ad. more good than 

between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks
between two nations") 

big - ad. of great size; not small 

bill - n. a legislative proposal 

biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms 

bird - n. a creature that flies 

bite - v. to cut with the teeth 

black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky 

blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible 

blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm 

bleed - v. to lose blood 

blind - ad. not able to see 

block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement 

blood - n. red fluid in the body 

blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") 

blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky 

boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods 

body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal 

boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot 

bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with
bombs 

bone - n. the hard material in the body 

book - n. a long written work for reading 

border - n. a dividing line between nations 

born - v. to come to life; to come into existence 

borrow - v. to take as a loan 

both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together 

bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid 

bottom - ad. the lowest part of something 

box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood 

boy - n. a young male person 

boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with 

brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures 

brave - ad. having no fear 

bread - n. a food made from grain 

break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy 

breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again 

bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles
can cross from one side to the other 

brief - ad. short; not long 

bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color 

bring - v. to come with something 

broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio
or television program 

brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person 

brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee 

budget - n. a spending plan 

build - v. to join materials together to make something 

building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place
of entertainment 

bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun 

burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire 

burst - v. to break open suddenly 

bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth 

bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people 

business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade 

busy - ad. doing something; very active 

but - conj. however; other than; yet 

buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money 

by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare");
not later than ("by midnight")
 
 

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cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government

call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called
for an end to the fighting.") 

calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense 

camera - n. a device for taking pictures 

camp - n. a place with temporary housing 

campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from
voters; a connected series of military actions during a war 

can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food,
usually made of metal 

cancel - v. to end; to stop 

cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the
body 

candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor 

capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's
government is 

capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and
services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies

capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get
control of

car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train 

care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest 

careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought 

carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another 

case (court) - n. a legal action 

case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox
at the school.") 

cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans 

catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands 

cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result 

ceasefire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement 

celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities 

center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main
point of an activity 

century - n. one hundred years 

ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition 

chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group 

champion - n. the best; the winner 

chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen 

change - v. to make different; to become different 

charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in
which someone is accused of something 

chase - v. to run or go after someone or something 

cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from 

cheer - v. to shout approval or praise 

chemicals - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the
science of chemistry 

chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they
act under different conditions, and how they form other substances 

chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important 

child - n. a baby; a boy or girl 

children - n. more than one child 

choose - v. to decide between two or more 

circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like
an "O" 

citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law 

city - n. any important large town 

civilian - ad. not military

civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of
a nation

claim - v. to say something as a fact

clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose

clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water") 

clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood

clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization 

climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place 

climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands 

clock - n. a device that measures and shows time 

close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to 

cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances 

clothes - n. what people wear 

cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky 

coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel 

coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together 

coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean 

coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name 

cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature 

collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect
taxes") 

college - n. a small university 

colony - n. land controlled by another country or government 

color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black,
yellow and others 

combine - v. to mix or bring together 

come - v. to move toward; to arrive 

command - v. to order; to have power over something 

comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something 

committee - n. a group of people given special work 

common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") 

communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information 

community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area 

company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes 

compare - v. to examine what is different or similar 

compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others 

complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished 

complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple 

compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept
less than first demanded 

computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for
communicating with others 

concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be
concerned")

condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad 

condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's
health 

conference - n. a meeting 

confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true 

conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one 

congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck 

Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United
States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in
other countries 

connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link 

conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change 

consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully 

constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of
government 

contain - v. to hold; to include 

container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something 

continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world 

continue - v. to go on doing or being 

control - v. to direct; to have power over 

convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose 

cook - v. to heat food before eating it 

cool - ad. almost cold 

cooperate - v. to act or work together 

copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly
like another 

corn - n. a food grain 

correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right 

cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v.
to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") 

cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name 

count - v. to speak or add numbers 

country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities 

court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law 

cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a
person or thing 

cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk 

crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force 

create - v. to make; to give life or form to 

creature - n. any living being; any animal or human 

credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time 

crew - n. a group of people working together 

crime - n. an act that violates a law 

criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime 

crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or
worse; a dangerous situation 

criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to
judge 

crops - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and
vegetables 

cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across 

crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place 

crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely 

cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain 

culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population 

cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n.
something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.") 

curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses 

current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time
("She found the report in a current publication.") 

custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people 

customs - n. taxes on imports 

cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce
 
 

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dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water

damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things 

dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music 

danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss 

dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") 

date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year 

daughter - n. a person's female child 

day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight 

dead - ad. not living 

deaf - ad. not able to hear 

deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to
buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") 

debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument 

debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing 

decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge 

declare - v. to say; to make a statement 

decrease - v. to make less in size or amount 

deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom 

defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having
lost 

defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect 

deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or
imports are greater than exports 

define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain 

degree - n. a measure of temperature 

delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late 

delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another 

demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force 

democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or
to make other important decisions 

demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd
demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The
teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") 

denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely 

deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request 

depend - v. to need help and support 

deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness 

deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action 

depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic
activity during which many people lose their jobs 

describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something 

desert - n. a dry area of land 

design - v. to plan or create plans for 

desire - v. to want very much; to wish for 

destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of 

detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information 

develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress 

device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose 

dictator - n. a ruler with complete power 

die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end 

diet - n. usual daily food and drink 

different - ad. not the same 

difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out 

dig - v. to make a hole in the ground 

dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner
at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the
White House.") 

diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another
government 

direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad.
straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is
direct.") 

direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came
from or went to 

dirt - n. earth or soil 

disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist 

disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb
harmless by removing its exploding device 

discover - v. to find or learn something 

discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas 

disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria 

dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider 

dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate 

dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government 

distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance
from my house to your house is two kilometers.") 

dive - v. to jump into water head first 

divide - v. to separate into two or more parts 

do - v. to act; to make an effort 

doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people 

document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or
support of something 

dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans 

dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents 

door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room 

down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place 

dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in
the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future 

drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth 

drive - v. to control a moving vehicle 

drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower 

drown - v. to die under water 

drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance
used to ease pain or to affect the mind 

dry - ad. not wet; without rain 

during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) 

dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air 

duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just
 
 

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each - ad. every one by itself

early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite
late 

earn - v. to be paid in return for work done 

earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil 

earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface 

ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult 

east - n. the direction from which the sun rises 

easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do 

eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth 

ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and
material things 

economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized 

edge - n. the line where something ends or begins

education - n. the act of teaching 

effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious
effect on the economy.")

effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something

egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish
or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby

either - ad. one of two, but not the other 

elect - v. to choose by voting 

electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light,
and power to machines

embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants

emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action 

emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness

employ - v. to give work in return for wages 

empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything 

end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last 

enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side
in a war 

energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and
willingness to be active 

enforce - v. to make something be done 

engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work 

engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads

enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something 

enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed 

enter - v. to come or go into 

environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life;
the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals 

equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights 

equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity 

escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of 

especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") 

establish - v. to bring into existence; to create

estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than
complete information 

ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race,
religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived

evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas 

even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building
was destroyed.") 

event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance 

ever - ad. at any time

every - ad. each one; all 

evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing 

evil - ad. not good; extremely bad 

exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail 

examine - v. to study closely 

example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like 

excellent - ad. extremely good 

except - prep. but for 

exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another 

excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false)
for an action

execute - v. to kill 

exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in
good health

exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is
forced to leave his or her country

exist - v. to be; to live 

expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger 

expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event 

expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away 

experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced
great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience
caused her great pain.") 

experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or
false, or to discover something 

expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training 

explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning 

explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb

explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to
make a careful search; to examine closely

export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually
for sale

express - v. to say clearly 

extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time

extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary 

extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted 

extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an
extreme or violent way
 
 

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face - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to turn toward; 
to have before you, such as a problem or danger

fact - n. something known or proved to be true 

factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made 

fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal 

fair - ad. just; honest; what is right 

fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position

false - ad. not true; not correct 

family - n. the group that includes children and their parents 

famous - ad. known very well to many people 

far - ad. at, to or from a great distance 

farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food 

fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick 

fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep
warm; ad. thick; heavy 

father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children 

fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He
feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had
a fear that he would fall down.") 

federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government 

feed - v. to give food to 

feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching 

female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women

fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out 

fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much

few - ad. not many; a small number of 

field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals 

fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry 

fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the
use of force; a battle

fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more 

film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or
movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie 

final - ad. at the end; last 

financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit,
investments and banks 

find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a
court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") 

fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good;
very small or thin 

finish - v. to complete; to end 

fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning 

fireworks - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations 

firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") 

first - ad. coming before all others 

fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water 

fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") 

fix - v. to make good or right again 

flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or
organization 

flat - ad. smooth; having no high places 

flee - v. to run away from 

float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or
through air 

flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean
onto land 

floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the
level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") 

flow - v. to move like a liquid 

flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds 

fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid 

fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an
airplane or flying vehicle 

fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground 

follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey 

food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth 

fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person
who is tricked easily 

foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground
when a person or animal walks 

for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one
dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour.");
representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a
computer company.") 

force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using
power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power
of a nation; a military group 

foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country 

forest - n. a place of many trees 

forget - v. to not remember 

forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt 

form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind
("Swimming is a form of exercise.") 

former - ad. earlier in time; not now 

forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front 

free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison;
independent; not limited by rules; without cost 

freedom - n. the condition of being free 

freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold 

fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent 

friend - n. a person one likes and trusts 

frighten - v. to cause great fear 

from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a
message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five
kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.") 

front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part 

fruit - n. food from trees and plants 

fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power 

full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete 

fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness 

funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead 

future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to
come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")
 
 

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gain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase

game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually
sports 

gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide
heat, light or power 

gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect 

general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or
almost all 

gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent 

get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner
of 

gift - n. something given without cost 

girl - n. a young female person 

give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment 

glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows
or for containers to hold liquids 

go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave 

goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a
trip or race 

god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a
spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers 

gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal 

good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad 

goods - n. things owned or made to be sold 

govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power 

government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a
country, city or area 

grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those
plants that produce the seeds 

granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son 

grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother 

grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother 

grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son 

grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves 

gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white 

great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important 

green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the
color like that of growing leaves and grass 

grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing 

ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil 

group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for
a common purpose 

grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount 

guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen 

guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the
president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.") 

guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an
official army or police 

guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way 

guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a
bad action 

gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
 
 

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hair - n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the head

half - n. one of two equal parts of something 

halt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop 

hang - v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower part is
not; to kill by hanging 

happen - v. to become a fact or event; to take place 

happy - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad 

hard - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; needing much
effort or force 

harm - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt 

harvest - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered 

hat - n. a head cover

hate - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite love 

have - v. to possess; to own; to hold 

he - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about 

head - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; the
highest position 

headquarters - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a
business or organization 

heal - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well 

health - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free
from sickness or disease 

hear - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about 

heat - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by burning
fuel; energy from the sun 

heavy - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force 

helicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one
place above the ground 

help - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid 

here - ad. in, to or at this place 

hero - n. a person honored for being brave or wise 

hide - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret 

high - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others 

hijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force 

hill - n. a small mountain 

history - n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the past 

hit - v. to strike; to touch with force 

hold - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one position;
to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organize and be involved
in ("The two sides hold talks this week.") 

hole - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something 

holiday - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to honor
or remember a person or event 

holy - ad. greatly honored in religion 

home - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the place where
one was born or comes from; the area or country where one lives 

honest - ad. truthful; able to be trusted 

honor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's parents"); n.
an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He received many honors for his
efforts to help others.") 

hope - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will happen as
wanted; to want something to happen

horrible - ad. causing great fear; terrible 

horse - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work 

hospital - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care 

hostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise
will be honored 

hostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for war 

hot - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature 

hotel - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers 

hour - n. a measure of time; sixty minutes 

house - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or lawmaking
group ("House of Representatives") 

how - ad. in what way; to what amount 

however - conj. yet; but 

huge - ad. very big; of great size 

human - ad. of or about people 

humor - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh 

hunger - n. the need for food 

hunt - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to find 

hurry - v. to do or go fast 

hurt - v. to cause pain, injury or damage 

husband - n. a man who is married
 
 

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I - pro. the person speaking

ice - n. frozen water 

idea - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief

identify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are 

if - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.") 

illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a law 

imagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea 

immediate - ad. without delay; very near in time or place 

import - v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another
country, usually for sale 

important - ad. having great meaning, value or power 

improve - v. to make better; to become better 

in - prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during 

incident - n. an event or something that happens 

incite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or violent 

include - v. to have; to make a part of 

increase - v. to make more in size or amount 

independent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free;
separate 

individual - n. one person 

industry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and
related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved in manufacturing 

infect - v. to make sick with something that causes disease 

inflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down 

influence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change 

inform - v. to tell; to give knowledge to 

information - n. knowledge; facts 

inject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the body
through the skin 

injure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal 

innocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action 

insane - ad. mentally sick 

insect - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with wings 

inspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert 

instead - ad. in the place of; taking the place of 

instrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something 

insult - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry or
dishonored 

intelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying 

intelligent - ad. quick to understand or learn 

intense - ad. very strong; extremely serious 

interest - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." "She
had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business; money paid for the
use of money borrowed 

interfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the activities of
others, especially when not asked to do so 

international - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole
world 

intervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve 

invade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army 

invent - v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing or
way of doing something 

invest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making
more money 

investigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or
charge; to search for the truth 

invite - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or gathering 

involve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include 

iron - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools 

island - n. a land area with water all around it 

issue - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing
about 

it - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The sky is blue,
but it also has a few white clouds.")
 
 

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jail - n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those serving sentences 
for crimes that are not serious

jewel - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald 

job - n. the work that one does to earn money 

join - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of 

joint - ad. shared by two or more 

joke - n. something done or said to cause others to laugh 

judge - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal one; n. a
public official who decides problems of law in a court 

jump - v. to push down on the
feet and move up quickly into the air 

jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial 

just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the
present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I came in."); what is
right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")
 
 

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keep - v. to possess; to have for oneself

kick - v. to hit with the foot 

kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force 

kill - v. to make dead; to cause to die 

kind - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful 

kiss - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor 

knife - n. a tool or weapon used to cut 

know - v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to recognize
someone because you have met and talked together before 

knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding
 
 

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labor - n. work; workers as a group

laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done 

lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having 

lake - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land 

land - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); n. the part
of the earth not covered by water; the ground 

language - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or group 

large - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite small 

last - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all others; the only
one remaining ("She is the last person in line.") 

late - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early 

laugh - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings 

launch - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space 

law - n. all or any rules made by a government 

lead - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first 

leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas
or liquid) 

learn - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts 

leave - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is 

left - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; opposite
right 

legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law 

legislature - n. a government lawmaking group 

lend - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of money 

less - ad. smaller in amount; not as much 

let - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible 

letter - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to another
person 

level - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the position of
something or someone 

liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change 

lie - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something that one
knows is not true 

life - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living things 

lift - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level 

light - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; anything
that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy 

lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm 

like - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; ad. in
the same way as; similar to 

limit - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number
permitted 

line - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things organized; one
after another; the edge of an area protected by military forces 

link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between
two or more t